203 




Class _ 
Book__ 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



ONOGRAPH 



or THB 



WASHINGTON 



National Monument 



DEDICATORY CEREMONIES, FEBRUARY 21, 1885. 




ONLY AUTHORIZED EDITION. 



EDITED BY 

F. L. HARVEY, Jr., 

cretary Joint Commission, Completion of the Washington Monument. 

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY 

JXJDD & DETWEILER. 



PRICK, »S Cent-. 



For Sale by URKNTANO BROS. 




WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



fl 



6 



MONOGRAPH 




ledicatopg ieremoiiies, february 21, 188S, 



HISTORICAL NOTE 



CONCISE DESCRIPTION OF THE MONUMENT. 

DATA OF THE GREAT WORK. 

MEMORIAL BLOCKS PRESENTED FOR INSERTION IN THE 
INTERIOR WALLS OF THE SHAFT. 

INSCRIPTIONS- ON APEX and CORNER-STONE PLATE. 

DEPOSITS OF JULY 4 th, 1848. 

MEMBERSHIP OF THE WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT 
SOCIETY,, 1833 to 1885. 



Comparative Heights of the Most Remarkable 
Structures of Ancient or Modern Times. 



F. L. HARVEY, Jr., 

Secretary Joint Commission, Completion of the Washington Monument. 



AUTHORIZED EDITION. 



JUDD & DETWEILER, 

Printers and Publishers. 







AUTHORIZED EDITION. 




Wr^r^^- 



Chairman Joint Commission, 

Completion Washington Monument. 



Secretary Washington National Monument Society. 



Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1885, by F. L. Harvey, Jr., in the 
office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



ORDER OF PROCEEDINGS 

ADOPTED BY THE CONGRESSIONAL COMMISSION 





FEBRUARY 21, 1885. 



PiBieAiiai @>w W,&NWMmm t m% 



The Ceremonies at the Base oe the Monument will commence 
precisely at eleven o'clock. 



1. The Hon. John Sherman, a Senator from Ohio, Chairman of the Com- 
mission authorized hy the Joint Resolution of May 13, 1884, will 
preside. 



2. MUSIC. 



3. PRAYER by the Rev. Mr. Sitter, of Christ Church, Alexandria, Va. 



4. REMARKS hy W. W. Corcoran, Esq., the First Vice-President of 
the "Washington National Monument Society. 



5 MASONIC CEREMONIES hy the Grand Lodge of the District of 
Columbia. 



WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



6. REMARKS by Colonel T. L. Casey, the Engineer of the Joint Com- 
mission, delivering the Monument to the President of the "United 

States. 



DEDICATION OF THE MONUMENT to the Name and Memory 
of George Washington by the President of the United States. 



8. MUSIC. 



The procession will forthwith be formed, and will move to the Capitol 
by the following route: Through the President's square to Seven- 
teenth street, up Seventeenth street to Pennsylvania avenue, thence 
along Pennsylvania avenue to the Capitol, where it will be reviewed 
by the President of the United States from a stand at the East front. 



9. After the Eeview the Procession will be dismissed. 



When the procession begins to move salutes of one hundred guns will be 
fired at the Navy Yard, the Artillery headquarters, and Port Myer. 



OF PlBOCMMION* 



Lieutenant-general P. H. SHEPvIDAN, Marshal of the Day. 
with a Chief of Staff, and an Aid from every State and Territory. 



Consisting of the regular forces of the Army and Navy. 

Chartered Military Organizations, 
taking -precedence by the dates of their charters. 

Other Military Organizations. 



WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



congressional commission. 
The Orators and Chaplains of the Day. 
The Washington National Monument Society. 
Members and ex-members of the Joint Commission for the Com- 
pletion of the Monument. 
The Engineer of the Monument, his assistants, 
and detail of workmen. 
The President of the United States. 
Members of the Cabinet. 
President and Vice-President elect of the United States. 
Ex-Presidents of the United States. 
Judges of the Supreme Court and other Federal Courts. 
The Diplomatic Corps. 
Governors of States, and their respective Staffs, 
taking precedence in the order of admission of their States into the Union. 

The Senate. 

The House of Eepresentatives. 

The Commissioners of the District of Columbia. 

Officers of the Army and Navy. 

The Society of the Cincinnati. 

The Masonic Fraternity, 

with other organizations wliieh have made contributions for the erection of the 

Monument. 

Citizens of States and Territories, 

and civic organizations without partisan flags or emblems, each State and Ter- 
ritory taking precedence in the order of its admission into the Union. 

The Fire Department of the District of Columbia, and 
Visiting Firemen. 



In the Evening, from 8 to 9 o'clock, there will be a display of 
Fireworks near the Monument. 



ORDER OF ARRANGEMENTS 



CAPITOL 



The Capitol will be closed on the morning of the 21st to 
all except the members and officers of Congress. 

At eleven o'clock the east door leading to the Rotunda 
will be opened to those to whom invitations have been ex- 
tended under the joint resolution of Congress, and to those 
holding tickets of admission to the floor of the House and 
its galleries. 

The floor of the House of Representatives will be opened 
for the admission of Senators and Representatives, and to 
those having invitations thereto, who will be conducted to 
the seats assigned to them. 

The President, the President-elect, the Vice-President- 
elect, and ex-Presidents of the United States and special 
guests will be seated in front of the Speaker. 

The Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme 
Court will occupy seats next to the President and ex-Presi- 
dents and special guests, on the right of the Speaker. 

The Cabinet officers, the Admiral of the Navy, the Lieu- 
tenant-General of the Army, and the officers of the Army 
and Navy who, by name, have received the thanks of Con- 
gress, will occupy seats on the left of the Speaker. 

The Chief Justice and Judges of the Court of Claims and 
the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme 

(6) 



WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



Court of the District of Columbia will occupy seats directly 
in rear of the Supreme Court. 

The Diplomatic Corps will occupy the front row of seats. 

Ex-Vice-Presidents, Senators, and ex -Senators will occupy 
seats on the second, third, fourth, and fifth rows, on east 
side of main aisle. 

Representatives will occupy seals on west side of main 
aisle, and in rear of the Senators on east side. 

Commissioners of the District, Governors of States and 
Territories, general officers of the Society of the Cincinnati, 
the Washington National Monument Society, members and 
ex-members of the Joint Commission for the completion of 
the Monument, Engineers of Monument and detail of work- 
men, and guests invited to the floor, will occupy seats in 
rear of Representatives. 

The Executive Gallery will be reserved exclusively for the 
families of the Supreme Court and the families of the Cabi- 
net and the invited guests of the President. Tickets thereto 
will be delivered to the Private Secretary of the President. 

The Diplomatic Gallery will be reserved exclusively 
for the families of the members of the Diplomatic Corps- 
Tickets thereto will be delivered to the Secretary of State. 

The Reporters' Gallery will be reserved exclusively for 
the use of the reporters of the Press. Tickets thereto will be 
delivered to the Press Committee. 

The Official Reporters of the Senate and of the House will 
occupy the Reporters' desk in front of the Clerk's table. 

The Marine Band will be in attendance. 

Upon the arrival of the Procession at the Capitol, and 
immediately after passing the reviewing stand, the Members 
of the Senate will proceed to the Senate Chamber; the 



WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



Members of the House to the Hall of the House ; the Judi- 
ciary to the Supreme Court Room. 

The Diplomatic Corps will proceed to the Senators' With- 
drawing Room; the President, ex-Presidents, the Cabinet, 
the President-elect, the Vice-President-elect, to the President's 
Room. 

The House being in session, and notification to that effect 
having been given to the Senate, the Senate in a body, pre- 
ceded by the President, ex-Presidents, the Cabinet, the 
President-elect, the Vice-President-elect, the Judiciary, and 
Diplomatic Corps, will be conducted to the Hall of the 
House of Representatives. 

The President of the Senate will occupy the Speaker's 
chair and will preside. 

The Speaker of the House will occupy a seat at the left of 
the President of the Senate. 

The other officers of the Senate and of the House will 
occupy seats on the floor at the right and the left of the 
Speaker. 

The Architect of the Capitol, the Sergeant-at-Arms of the 
Senate, the Sergeant-at-Arms and the Doorkeeper of the 
House are charged with the execution of these arrange- 
ments. 




IOBHDINQS 



]|hH nf if$ ]f tsmt nf J^pBaatijrfhte** 



PRAYER will be offered by the Rev. S. A. Wallis of Pohick Church, 
near Mount Vernon, Virginia. 



MUSIC. 



ORATION by the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop. of Massachusetts, read 
by the Hon. John D. Long, a Representative from Massachusetts. 



MUSIC. 



ORATION by the Hon. John W. Daniel, of Virginia. 



The BENEDICTION will then be pronounced by the Rev. John S. 
Lindsay, Chaplain of the House of Representatives. 



MUSIC. 



During which the assemblage will disperse. 



(9) 



HISTORICAL NOTE 



On the 7th of August, 1783', the Continental Congress 
unanimously resolved (ten States being present) — 

" That an equestrian statue of General Washington be 
" erected at the place where the residence of Congress shall 
"be established in honor of George Washington, the illus- 
" trious Commander-in-chief of the Armies of the United 
" States of America during the war which vindicated and 
"secured their liberty, sovereignty, and independence." 



At his death a joint committee of both Houses of Congress 
was appointed to consider a suitable manner of paying honor 
to his memory. On December 24th, 1799, it was resolved 
by Congress — 

" That a marble monument be erected by the United States 
" at the city of Washington, and that the family of General 
" Washington be requested to permit his bod}^ to be deposited 
" under it, and that the monument be so designed as to.com- 
" mem orate the great events of his military and political 
" life." 

Mrs. Washington acceded to the request, but the resolu- 
tion was not executed. 

On the 8th of May, 1800, a select committee of the House 
of Representatives submitted resolutions directing that the 
resolution of Congress of 1783 be carried into execution, as 
well as the resolution of 1799. That part referring to the 
resolution of 1783 was amended to require a mausoleum for 
George Washington to be instead erected, and for this pur- 
pose, later, a bill passed the House of Representatives, Jan- 
uary 1st, 1801, appropriating $200,000, but the Senate did 
not concur. 

The resolutions above mentioned remaining unexecuted 
by Congress, in 1833 some citizens of Washington formed a 

(10) 



WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 11 

voluntary association for " erecting a great national monu- 
" nient to the memory of Washington at the seat of the Fed- 
" eral Government." This was the original idea of Congress, 
and because there appeared little probability of carrying it 
out this organization was formed. The progress of the 
Society at first was slow, for the reason that, in order that all 
might give, the contributions were limited to one dollar; 
but the restriction was afterwards removed. 

Having, by 1848, accumulated sufficient funds to justify 
the Society in commencing work, on the 4th of Jul} T that 
year the corner-stone was laid with imposing ceremonies. 
Work progressed steadily until 1855, when it was suspended 
for lack of funds. Congress was memorialized, but without 
result. The shaft had attained a height of 152 feet above 
the floor. Subsequently 4 feet were added, which addition, 
however, was removed, in 1880, prior to resumption of work 
on the shaft. 

The advent of the war a few years later interfered with 
the public interest in the work, and during that period and 
subsequently the shaft remained as left in 1855. The funds 
of the Society were but little augmented, though every effort 
was made to acquire the money requisite to complete the 
work. At last, in 1876, Congress passed an act appropriat- 
ing $200,000 to continue the construction of the Monument, 
and, supplementary appropriations being annually made, 
the shaft was finally declared finished on the 6th of Decem- 
ber, 1884. The strengthening of the foundations, and the 
practical construction of the shaft, was accomplished by 
Colonel Thos. Lincoln Casey, Corps of Engineers, engineer 
in charge, detailed under the joint commission constituted 
by the act of August 2d, 1876, to supervise the erection of 
the Monument.* 



WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT, 

■wvAJSiEiiiisrGKroiisr, id. o. 



CONCISE DESCRIPTION— DETAILS IN THE CONSTRUCTION. 

FROM ANNUAL REPORTS OF 

COL. THOS. LINCOLN CASEY, 

Corps of Engineers, Engineer in Charge. 



SITE. 

The Monument is located adjacent to the Potomac river, 
on a Government reservation comprising 78| acres, and 
being public property, the view of the shaft entire will never 
be obstructed. The site is one marked on Major L'Enfant's 
map of Washington city for a proposed statute to Washington, 
which was voted to be erected by the Continental Congress 
in 1783, and which map was examined, approved, and trans- 
mitted to Congress by Washington when President. It was 
also the site for the monument to the heroes of the Revolu- 
tion, which was proposed in the year 1795. 

The Monument stands close to the intersection of the 
Jeffersonian meridian line of 1802, passing through the 
centre of the Executive Mansion, north and south, with a 
line running due east and west through the centre of the 
Capitol building ; and had'there been no recession of that 
part of the District of Columbia lying in Virginia, would 
have stood in about the centre. 

The elevation of the ground on which the Monument 
stands is 26 feet above low tide-water in the Potomac river. 

(12) 



WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 13 



FOUNDATION. 
The original foundation was of blue gneiss rock, in large 
blocks, as they came from the quarry, laid in lime mortar, 
(with a small portion of cement,) was 80 feet square at base, 
covering an area of 6,400 square feet, pyramidal in shape, 
having onsets or steps, and extended 7 feet 8 inches below 
ground and 15 feet 8 inches above ground. 
3 Being enlarged and strengthened by Col. Thos. Lincoln 
Casey, Corps of Engineers, engineer in charge, the present 
foundation is 126 feet 6 inches square, covering an area 
of 16,002 square feet, "36 feet 10 inches in depth, "and 
"extends down to a level 6 inches below the permanent 
"level of water in the site on which the Monument is 
" located." This work consisted in " digging away 70 per 
" centum of the earth under the old foundation, and to a 
" depth of 13 feet 6 inches beneath it, and replacing this 
" earth with a mass of concrete extending 18 feet within the 
" outer edges of the old foundation and 23 feet 3 inches with- 
" out the same line. To distribute the pressure of the shaft 
" over this new foundation the old rubble stone base was 
" torn from under the walls of the shaft and replaced by a 
" concrete underpinning extending out on to the new con- 
" crete slab. In this work 51 per cent, of the cubical centents 
" of the old foundation was removed, and 48 per cent, of the 
"area of the shaft undermined."* In this last operation 
the corner-stone was exposed. The material employed in 
this work was Portland cement concrete (mixture of one 
part cement, two parts sand/three parts pebbles, four parts 
broken stone). 

An 8" block,- moulded June 25th, 1879, and tested October 
17th, 1879, showed first crack at pressure of 105,000 lbs. ; 
maximum pressure, fracturing it 122,000 lbs., or 1,906^ lbs. 
per square inch.f 

* Annual Keport of Col. Casey, December, 1884. 
f Annual Reports of Col. Casey. 



14 WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

SHAFT 

Slightly over nine times the base, being 500 feet 5| inches 
high; base, 55 feet 1J inches square; top, 34 feet 5 J inches; 
thickness of walls at entrance, 15 feet; at top, 18 inches; bat- 
ter of walls outside, .247 d= of an inch to one foot rise. The 
top of the shaft is fths the width of the base, and it would 
come to a point at a height 2f its present altitude. 

Walls. — Facing of pure white marble, the new portion from 
the Beaver Dam quarry, Baltimore county, Md. 

Interior Backing. — Rubble masonry for a height of 150 
feet ; above, dressed granite, from New England quarries, to 
height of 452 feet; remainder, to reference, 500 feet, marble 
through-and-through. " The courses are uniformly two feet 
" in rise, the blocks of a wider bed than their rise, and the 
"bond, the Flemish, alternate header and stretcher." The 
marble, fine grained and durable, weighs 178J pounds to 
the cubic foot. 

Interior Well of Shaft. — For first 150 feet, 25 feet square, 
receding outward for distance of 10 feet, between the levels 
150 and 160, enlarges to 31 feet 6 inches square. 

Ascent. — By means of iron stairway and steam elevator, 
supported by a construction of eight vertical Phoenix iron 
columns (four 6| and four b\ inches internal diameter) I 
beams, channels, and ties; four columns terminate at the 
height of 500 feet and four within the roof at 517 feet, which 
four sustain the elevator machinery above. The eight col- 
umns are arranged in concentric squares. 

Stairway. — In alternate, short nights, strung along the 
north and south sides of the well, connecting with plat- 
forms, 4 feet 8 inches wide (to height of 150 feet), and 7 feet 
lOf inches wide, 20 feet apart on a side, and extending along 
the east and west walls, being 50 flights and 900 steps. 

Elevator. — Capacity, 10 tons, with factor of safety of 15. 



WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 15 



PYRAMIDION 

Of marble, 55 feet in vertical height; of 262 separate 
pieces of stone, containing 3.764 cubic feet of dressed 
stock. The covering slabs are but 7 inches in thickness, and 
these rest upon projections or spurs upon the marble ribs. 
These ribs are twelve in number, three on each side of the 
well, springing from the interior face of the walls at the 
height of 470 feet. " They are then carried upward until 
- the ribs nearest the angles of the shaft meet in the hips of 
" the pyramidion, while those in the centre of each face are 
" connected still higher up by voussoir stones, forming two 
•• arches, intersecting each other at right angles. The trust 
•' of a corner rib is transmitted to its opposite by the use of 
" horizontal stones between their upper extremities." The 
kevstone of the centre ribs is at the height of 529 feet. The 
weight of the pyramidion is 300 tons. Cap-stone weighed 
3.300 lbs., crowned by a small right pyramid of pure alumin- 
ium 5.6 zb inches at its base, 8.9— inches high, weighing 100 
ounces, being the largest piece of this metal ever cast in any 
country.* 

Total height of Monument above floor, 555 feet 5^ inches, 
or 597 feet 3 inches above mean low water in the Potomac, 
or 596 feet 9.36= inches above the mean level of the Atlantic 
at Sandy Hook. X. Y.f 

Number of Stones in the Shaft above 150 feet, 9,613. 

Some 14.000 barrels of Portland cement used in new 

foundation and shaft. 

Weight of foundation and earth upon it 36.912 tons. 

" 150 feet of old portion of shaft 22.373 " 

" new portion of shaft 21.260 " 

" pyramidion 300 " 

" iron frame 275 ' ; 

Total weight 81,120 

Pressure of Masonry upon underlying soil " nowhere greater 
" than nine tons per square foot, and less than three tons 
" per square foot near the outer edges of the foundation." 

^Beport of Col. Thos. L. Casey, engineer in charge, Dec., 1884. 
f TJ. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, December 1, 1884. 



» * 



16 



WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



Settlement, since work was commenced to present date 
(Dec, 1884), about four inches. "The greatest difference, 
"nearly a half inch, between the southeast and northwest 
"corners, occurred during the introduction of the new 
"foundation, and aided materially in correcting the devia- 
" tion of the shaft from a perpendicular." * 

Lightning Rods are four in number, properly connected 
with the aluminium point, by a single copper rod passing 
upward through the cap-stone, and also to the tops of the'four 
central iron columns in the shaft, the bottoms of these col- 
umns grounded through copper rods passing into a small 
well in the centre of the foundations. 

VIEW. 

Two port openings or windows are provided in each of the 
four faces of the pyramidion, or roof, 4 feet above the land- 
ing at level 500 feet, being on three sides IS inches by 3 
feet, and on the east 2 feet by 3 feet. The windows have 
swinging closures of marble to protect the interior from in- 
clemency of weather. 

LIGHTING. 

The interior of the shaft is lit up by incandescent electric 
lights disposed through it at various heights. 



COST. 



Amount raised by contributions from the people, 

and expended in rearing Monument to 156 feet- §300,000 

Appropriated by Congress (August 2, 1876, to De- 
cember, 1884) 900,000 

*Beport of Col. Thos. L. Casey, engineer in charge, Dec, 1884. 




HOISTING THE CAP-STONE. 
Dec. 3, li 




TOP OF MONUMENT. 
Dec. 6, 1884. 



INSCRIPTIONS 

ON THE 

FOUR FACES OF THE ALUMINIUM POINT CROWNING 
APEX OF MONUMENT. 



(north face.) 
JOINT COMMISSION 

AT 

SETTING OF CAP-STONE. 



Chester A. Arthur. 

W. W. Corcoran, Chairman. 

M. E. Bell. 

Edward Clark. 

John Newton. 

Act of August 2nd, 1876. 



(west face.) 

Corner-Stone laid on bed of foundation 
July 4, 1848. 



First stone at height oe 152 feet 

laid 

August 7, 1880. 



Cap-Stone set December 6, 1884. 



(south face.) 

Chief Engineer and Architect, 

Thos. Lincoln Casey, 

Colonel Corps of Engineers. 

Assistants : 
George W. Dayis, 

Captain 14th Infantry. 

Bernard B. Green, 

Civil Engineer. 



Master Mechanic, 

P. H. McLaughlin. 



(east face.) • 

LATJS DEO. 

(IV) 



INSCRIPTION 



ON 



COPPER PLATE COVERING DEPOSIT-RECESS IN THE 
CORNER-STONE OF MONUMENT. 



4th. JULY, 1776. 

Declaration of Independence of the United States of America. 



4th. JULY, 1848. 

This Corner-Stone Laid of a Monument, 

by the People of the United States, to the 

Memory of G-eorge Washington. 



James K. Polk, 
President of the United States and Ex-officio President of the Board of 

Managers. 

"William Brent, Is;! Vice-President. 

William W. Seaton, Mayor of Washington, 2nd Vice-President. 

Gen'l A. Henderson, M Vice-President. 

J. B. H. Smith, Treasurer. 
George Watterston, Secretary. 



board of managers. 

Major Gen'l Winfield Scott. Peter Force. 
Gen'l N. TWson. Wm. A. Bradley. 

Col. J. J. Abert. P. R. Fendall. 

Col. J. Kearney. Thomas Munroe. 

Gen'l Walter Jones. Walter Lenox. 

Thomas Carbery. M. F. Maury. 

Thomas Blagden. 
Elisha Whittlesey, General Agent. 



BUILDING COMMITTEE. 

Thomas Carbery. George Watterston. 

William A. Bradley. Col. J. J. Abert. 



COMMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS. 

Gen'l. A. Henderson. Walter Lenox. Lieut. M. F. Maury. 

Joseph H. Bradley, Chief Marshal. 

Kobert Mills, Architect. 

(18) 



ARTICLES DEPOSITED 

IN 

RECESS IN THE CORNER-STONE OF THE MONUMENT 
OIN" CTTJXj-Y" 4, 1848. 



Historical sketch of the Washington National Monument 
Society, since its origin, in MS. 

Copy of the grant for the site of the Monument under the 
joint resolution of Congress. 

Constitutions of the Washington National Monument So- 
ciety, addresses, circulars, commissions, instructions, form of 
bond, from 1835 to 1848. . 

Large design of the Washington National Monument, 
with the facsimile of the names of the Presidents of the 
United States and others. Lithographed. 

Large design of the Washington National Monument. 
Lithographed. 

Portrait of Washington, from Stuart's painting, Faneuil 
Hall. 

Small design of Monument and likeness of Washington, 
with blank certificates for contributors. 

Constitution of the United States and Declaration of Inde- 
pendence; presented by Mr. Hickey. 

American Constitutions; by W. Patton. 

Plate engraved with the names of the officers and mem- 
bers of the Board of Managers. 

Watterston's New Guide to Washington ; by G. Watter- 
ston. 

Map of the city of Washington ; by Joseph Ratcliff. 

Laws of the Corporation of Washington ; by A. Rothwell. 

t Statistics by John Sessford of the number of dwellings, 

value of improvements, assessments of the real and personal 

tax, &c, in the city of Washington, from 1824 to 1848, print 

and manuscript ; by John Sessford. 

J; B. Varnum, Jr., on the Seat of Government ; by J. B. 
Varnum, Jr. 

The Statesman's Manual, containing Presidents' Messages 
from Washington to Polk, from 1789 to 1846, vols. 1 and 2. 

(19) 



20 WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



The Blue Book for 1847 ; Congressional Directory; by J.- 
& G. S. Gideon. 

Message of the President of the United States and accom- 
panying documents, 1847 

Morse's North American Atlas. 

Appleton's Railroad and Steamboat Companion. 

True Republican; the likenesses of all the Presidents to 
1846, and inaugural addresses; by G. Templeman. 

Copies of the Union Magazine, National Magazine, Godey's 
Lady's Book, Graham's Magazine, and Columbian Magazine, 
for July, 1848; by Brooke & Shillington. 

African Repository and Colonial Journal, 1848. 

Thirty-first Annual Report of the American Colonization 
Society. 

Coast Survey Document; Army Register for 1848. 

Navy Register, 1848; by C. Alexander. 

Military Laws of the United States, 1846 ; by G. Temple- 
man. 

VaiPs Description of the Magnetic Telegraph ; by A. Vail. 

Daguerreotype likenesses of General and Mrs. Mary Wash- 
ington, with a description of the Daguerreotype process ; by 
John S. Grubb, Alexandria, Va. 

Silver Medal representing Gen. Washington and the Na- 
tional Monument; by Jacob Seegar. 

Report of the Joint Committee on the Library May 4, 
1848, and an engraving ; by M. Vattemare. 

Constitution of the Smithsonian Association, on the Is- 
land, instituted November 9, 1847. 

Smithsonian Institution — Report of the Commissioners on 
its organization ; Reports from the Board of Regents ; by W. 
W. Seaton. 

The Washington Monument — shall it be built? by J. S. 
Lyon. 

Harpers' Illustrated Catalogue; by S. Colman. 

Guide to the Capitol, by R. Mills ; 'by R. Mills. 

Abstract log for the use of American Navigators, by Lieut. 
M. F. Maury, U. S. N. ; by M. F. Maury. 

American State Papers, 1832 : National Intelligencer for 
1846 (bound) ; by Gales & Seaton. 

American Archives, a Documentary History of the Amer- 
ican Colonies to the present time, fourth series, vol. 5; by 
Peter Force. 

An American dollar; by Miss Sarah Smith, Stafford, N. J. 

Holy Bible, presented by the Bible Society, instituted 1816. J 



WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



21 



Report of Prof. Bache, Superintendent of the Coast Sur- 
vey ; by Coast Survey Office. 

Annual Report of the Comptroller of the State of New 
York, January 5, 1848 ; Tolls, Trade, and Tonnage of the 
New York Canals, 1847 ; State of New York— first report of 
the Commissioner, Practice and Pleadings ; by Hon. Wash- 
ington Hunt. 

Report of the Commissioner of Patents, 1847; by Ed- 
mund Burke. 

Facsimile of Washington's Accounts; by Michael Nourse. 

United States Fiscal Department, vols. 1 and 2 ; by R. 
Mayo, M. D. 

Specimens of Continental Money, 1776 ; by Thos. Adams. 

Walton's Vermont Register and Farmers' Almanac, 1848; 
by Hon. Mr. Henry. 

Maps and Charts of the Coast Survey ; by Survey Office. 

Maury's Wind and Current Charts of the North Atlantic; 
by M. F. Maury. 

Casts from the seals of the S. of T. and I. 0. R. M. ; by J. 
W. Eckloff. 

A cent of 1783 of the United States of America ; by W . G. 

Paine. 

Claypole's American Dailv Advertiser, December 25, 1799, 
and the Philadelphia Gazette, December 27, 1799, contain- 
ing a full account of the death and funeral ceremony of 
Gen. Washington, the official proceedings of Congress, Exec- 
utive, &c. ; by G. M. Grouard. , 

Publication No. 1, Boston, 1833. 

Letters of John Quincy Adams to W. L. Stone, and intro- 
duction ; letters of J. Q. Adams to Edward Livingston, Grand 
High Priest, &c. ; Vindication of General Washington, &o, 
by Joseph Ritner, Governor of Pennsylvania, with a letter 
to Daniel Webster, and his reply, printed in 1841 ; Ameri- 
can Antimason, No. 1, vol. 1, Hartford, Connecticut, 1839, 
Maine Free Press ; Correspondence Committee of. York, 
Pennsylvania, to Richard Rush, April 1831 ; his answer, 
May 4, 1841 ; Credentials of a Delegate from Jefferson 
county, Missouri, and proceedings of a meeting of citizens 
to make the appointment of a delegate; by Henry Gassitt, 
Boston, Massachusetts. 

Astronomical Observations for 1845, made under M. F. 
Maury, at the Washington Observatory; by M. F. Maury. 

Journals of the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the 30th Congress and documents ; by R. P. Anderson. 



22 WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

Census of the United States, 1840 ; Force's Guide to Wash- 
ington and vicinity, 1848 ; by W. Q. Force. 

Memior of a Tour to Northern Mexico, 1846-47; by R. P. 
Anderson. 

Report on the organization of the Smithsonian Institution ; 
by Prof. Henry. 

A list of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United 
States, its Officers, with the dates of their respective appoint- 
ments ; by W. J. Carroll, Clerk Supreme Court of the United 
States. 

Drake's Poems; Catalogue of the Library of Congress, 
printed 1839; Catalogue from 1840 to 1847, both inclusive; 
by Joint Committee on the Library of Congress. 

Census of the United States from 1790 to 1848, inclusive. 

Proceedings of the General Society of the Cincinnati, with 
the original institution of the order and facsimile of the 
signatures of the original members of the State Society of 
Pennsylvania; b}^ Charles L. Coltman. 

Constitution and .General Laws of the Great Council of 
the Improved Order of Red Men of the District of Columbia. 

By-Laws of Powhatan Tribe, No. 1, and General Laws of 
the Great Council of the same Order. 

The Temple of Liberty, two copies, one ornamented and 
lettered with red. The letters are so arranged in each that 
the name of Washington may be spelled more than one 
thousand times in connection; by John Kilbourn. 

American §ilk Flag; presented by Joseph K. Boycl, citizen 
of Washington, District of Columbia, on the 4th of July 1848. 

Design of the Monument, small plate, produced by a pro- 
cess called electrotype; by Chas. Fenderich, Washington. 

A copy of the Constitution of the first organized Temper- 
ance Society in America ; by L. H. Sprague, July 4, 1848. 

Sons of Temperance in the District of Columbia. 

Coat of -Arms of the Washington family; by Mrs. Jane 
Charlotte Washington, July 4, 1848. 

All the coins of the United States, from the eagle to the 
half-dime, inclusive. 



WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 23 



ItBWS^AFKBSi 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

Worcester Palladium "Worcester. 

Salem Oracle Salem. 

The Telegraph , Gloucester. 

Cape Ann Light " 

Boston Daily Atlas Boston. 

CONNECTICUT. 

New England Weekly Gazette Hartford. 

NEW YORK. 

Irving Democrat : Irving. 

Long Island Farmer Jamaica. 

Cayuga New Era Auburn. 

Troy Daily Post Troy. 

Troy "Daily Whig Troy. 

Journal and Advertiser Auburn. 

Auburn Daily Advertiser " 

Star of Temperance " 

New York Day Book New York. 

Mercantile Times '. " 

Northern Christian Advocate Auburn. 

New York Daily Sun New York. 

New York Weekly Sun " 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

American Democrat .. Carlisle. 

Pennsylvania Democrat Uniontown. 

Lycoming Gazette Williamsport. 

American Press Bepublican Lancaster. 

Daily Morning Post Pittsburg. 

Lancaster County Parmer Lancaster. 

Bradford Argus Towanda. 

Pittsburg Daily Gazette Pittsburg. 

Daily Morning Telegraph " 

Pennsylvania Kepublican .. York. 

North American U. S. Gazette . Philadelphia. 

Public Ledger .j. " 

MARYLAND. 

Somerset Herald Somerset. 

Der Somerset Kepublican : " 

Marlboro Gazette Upper Marlboro. 

Baltimore Daily Sun Baltimore. 

Baltimore American " 

VIRGINIA. 

Spirit of Jefferson , Charlestown. 

Valley Whig Fincastle. 

Martinsburg Gazette Martinsburg. 

Weston Sentinel Weston. 



24 WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

North Carolinian — Eayetteville. 

Old North State Elizabeth City. 

GEORGIA. 

Federal Union Milledgeville. 

Southern Recorder " 

ALABAMA. 

Mobile Eegister and Journal Mobile. 

Mobile Daily Advertiser " 

Alabama Tribune " 

Hannibal Journal Hannibal. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Weekly Jaeksonian :__ Holly Springs. 

Vicksburg Weekly Whig Vicksburg. 

Mississippi Telegraph Louisville. 

OHIO. 

Daily Cincinnati Gazette Cincinnati. 

Western Eeserve Chronicle Warren. 

Greenville Banner Greenville. 

Buckeye Eagle Marion. 

Defiance Democrat Defiance. 

Democratic Herald Greenville. 

Claremont Courier Batavia. 

Massillon Telegraph Massillon. 

Mahoning Index Canfield. 

Troy Weekly Times . Troy. 

Daily Cleveland Times Cleveland. 

Cleveland Plain Dealer " 

Democratic Inquirer Portsmouth. 

KENTUCKY. 

Western Citizen Paris. 

Kentucky Flag Mazeville. 

FLORIDA. 

Quincy Times Quincy. 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

National Intelligencer Washington. 

Union " 

National Era r ___ " 

Saturday Evening News " 

Note. — The papers above all contained articles relative to General Wash- 
ington, or the erection of the (then) proposed National Monument to his 
memory. 



WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



25 



LIST OF BLOCKS 

Contributed for Insertion in the Interior Walls of the Monument. 



Maine. 


North Carolina. 


Illinois. 


New Hampshire. 


South Carolina. 


Michigan. 


Vermont. 


Georgia. 




Iowa. 


Massachusetts. 


Florida. 




Wisconsin. 


Connecticut. 


Alabama. 




M innesota. 


Ehode Island. 


Mississippi 




Kansas. 


New York. 


Louisiana. 




Nebraska. 


Pennsylvania. 


Texas. 




Wyoming. 


New Jersey. 


Arkansas. 




Dakota. 


Delaware. 


Tennessee. 




Montana. 


Maryland. 


Missouri. 




Utah. 


Virginia. 


Kentucky. 




Nevada. 


"West Virginia. 


Ohio. 
Indiana. 




California. 


Turkey. 


Si am. 




Bremen. 


Greece. 


Brazil. 




Switzerland. 


Japan. 


Paros and Naxos, in Gi 


-e- Cherokee Nation 


China. 


cian Archipelago. 






CITIES AND 


TOWNS. 




New York City. 


Washington 


City. 


New Bedford, Mass. 


Philadelphia, Pa. 


Alexandria, 


Va. 


Lowell, Mass. 


Warren, K. I. 


Frederick, Md. 


Nashville, Tenn. 


Boston, Mass. 


Charlestown 


, Mass. 


Newark, N. J. 


Baltimore, Md. 


Little Eock, 


Ark. 


Salem, Mass. 




Durham, N. 


H. 





A, F. AND A. M. 



Patmos Lodge, Md. 
Grand Lodge of Maryland. 

" " Ohio. 

" " Mississippi. 

" " Kentucky. 

" " New York. 

" " Virginia. 

" " Alabama. 



Grand Lodge of Florida. 

" " Pennsylvania. 

" " Arkansas. 

" " Georgia. 

" " District of Columbia. 

Boxbury Lodge, Mass. 
St. John's Lodo-e, Eichmond, Va. 



I. O. O. F. 



Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. 

" " Mississippi. 

" " Kentucky. 

" " Indiana. 

" " Iowa. 

" " Virginia. 

" " New Jersey. 



Grand Lodge of United States. 

" " Maryland. 

Philadelphia, Penna. 
Eureka Lodge 117, of New York city. 
Troy, New York. 
Gerraantown, Penna. 



SONS OF TEMPERANCE. 
Grand Division of North Carolina. Grand Division of Ohio. 

" Connecticut. " « Rhode Island. 

" Illinois. Philadelphia, Penna. 

" " New Jersey. 



Mount Lebanon Lodge, B. B. B. United Sons America, Pennsylvania. 
Washington Naval, O A. Y. M. American Whig Society. 
Addisonian Literary Society. Hibernian •Society, Baltimore, Md. 

" Cincinnati Commercial, 1850." Independent United" Order of Brothers. 
United American Mechanics, Phila. 



Fire Department, New York city. Eire Department, Philadelphia, Pa, 

Invincible Fire Company, Cincinnati, O. Co. I, 4th U. S. Infantry, 1851. 
Washington Light Infantry, D. C. National Greys, Washington, D. C. 

Continental Guards of New Orleans. 

First Regiment, Light Infantry, Massachusetts Volunteers. 

Westmoreland county, Va., Birthplace of Washington. 

"Braddock's Field." 

" Battlefield of Long Island." 

Association Journeymen Stone-cutters, Philadelphia, Penna. 

" From the Home of Knox — Citizens of Thomaston, Maine." 

Hawkins county, Tenn. 

"From Otter's Summit — Virginia's loftiest peak." 

Oakland College, Miss. 

General Assembly of Presbyterian Church, Washington, May, 1852. 

American Institute, New York. 

" Maryland Pilgrims." 

German Benevolent Society, Washington, D. C. 

Columbia Typographical Society, Washington, D. C. 

"Postmasters and Assistant Postmasters, Indiana, 1852." 

" Pupils of the Public Schools, Baltimore, Md." 

Cliosophic Society, Nassau Hall, N. J. 

Wilmington, North Carolina, Thalian Association. 

Tuscarora Tribe, District of Columbia, I. 0. R. M. 

Anacostia Tribe, No. 3, I. 0. R. M. 

Oldest Inhabitants' Association, Washington, D. C. 

Young Men's Mercantile Library Association, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Mosaic block — ruins of Ancient Carthage. 

From Chapel of William Tell, Luzerne, Switzerland. 

Americans residing in Foo-Chow-Foo, China, 1857. 

"From the Temple of JEsculapius, Island of Paros. Presented by 

Officers of U. S. S. Saranac." 
American Medical Society. 
Jefferson Society, University of Virginia. 
Lava — Vesuvius. Geo. Wm. Terrell. 
Pupils Buffalo Public Schools. 
Honesdale, Wayne county, Penna., 1853. 
Citizens of Stockton, San Joaquin Co., Cal. 
"From two Disciples of Daguerre." 

Children of Sunday Schools," M. E. Church, city of New York. 
Ladies and Gentlemen — Dramatic Profession of America. 
Erina Guard, Newark, N. J. 
Sons of New England in Canada. 
"From Alexandrian Library in E°-ypt." 
"From Tomb of Napoleon, St. Helena." 



TRANSLATIONS 



INSCRIPTIONS ON FOREIGN BLOCKS. 



TURKEY. 



" So as to strengthen the friendship between the two coun- 
tries, Abdul -Maj id Kahn has also had his name written on 
the Monument to Washington." 

These words form a chronogram — " 1269-1779 of the He- 
gira." Above the inscription is a monogram signifying 
"Abdul-Majid, son of Mahomet Kahn." Upon a lower corner, 
" Written by the court poet, Mustapha Izyt." 

Block is of white marble, highly polished, and orna- 
mental. 

BREMEN. 

" Washington dem Grossen und Gerechten das befreundete 
Bremen." 

(Friendly Bremen to the great and good Washington.) 

JAPAN. 

" Exported from the harbor of Simoda, in the Province of 
Isu, the fifth month of the year Ansey Tora." [April, 1853.] 

GREECE. 

Block of white marble from ruins of the Parthenon : 
" George Washington, the hero, the citizen of the new and 
illustrious liberty : The land of Solon, Themistocles, and 
Pericles — the mother of ancient liberty — sends this ancient 
stone as a testimony of honor and admiration from the Par- 
thenon." 

(27) 



28 WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 

CHINA. 

" Su-Ki-Yu, by imperial appointment, Lieut. Governor of 
the Province of Fuh Kun, in his Universal Geography, says: 
' It is evident that Washington was a remarkable man. In 
devising plans, he was more decided than Chin-Shing or 
Wu-Kwang;* in winning a country, he was braver than 
Tsau-Tsau or Lin Pi.f Wielding his four-footed falchion, 
he extended the frontiers thousands of miles, and then re- 
fused to usurp the regal dignity, or transmit it to his pos- 
terity, but first established rules for an elective administra- 
tion. Where in the world can be found such a public spirit! 
Truly, the sentiments of the three dynasties have all at once 
unexpectedly appeared in our day ! In ruling the State, he 
promoted and fostered good customs, and did not depend on 
military merit. In this he differed from all other nations. 
I have seen his portrait ; his air and form are grand and im- 
posing in a remarkable degree. Ah ! who would not call 
him a hero ? 

' The United States of America regard it promotive of 
national virtue generally and extensively neither to estab- 
lish titles of nobility and royalty nor to conform to the age, 
as respects customs and public influence, but instead deliver 
over their own public deliberations and inventions, so that 
the like of such a nation — one so remarkable — does not 
exist in ancient or modern times. Among the people of the 
Great West, can any man, in ancient or modern times, fail 
to pronounce Washington peerless ? ' 

"This stone is presented by a company of Christians, and 
engraved at Ningpo, in the Province of Che Heang, China, 
this third year of the reign of the Emperor Heen Fung, sixth 
month and seventh day." [July 12, 1853.] 

* Chin Sliing and Wu-Kwang, two Chinese patriots, who commenced the 
overthrow of the Tsin dynasty (B. C. 209), remarkable for their vigor of 
character. 

f Tsau-Tsau destroyed the Han dynasty A. D. 220, and Lin Pi, having 
survived all his own efforts to uphold it, founded the Shuh State, which had 
a short duration. 



LIST OF MEMBERS 

OF 

file Washington lational lonumenf iocietij. 



*l§ii fo !§§<§* 



Chief Justice John Marshall. 

Boger C. Weightman. 

Commodore John Bogers. 

General Thomas S. Jessitp. 

George Bomford. 

M. St. Clair Clarke. 

Samuel H. Smith. 

John McClelland. 

"William Cranch. 

William Brent. 

George Watterston. 

Nathan Towson. 

Archibald Henderson. 

Thomas Mttnroe. 

Thomas Carbert. 

Peter Force. 

James Madison, Ex-President. 

John P. Van Ness. 

William Ingle. 

"William L. Brent. 

General Alexander McComb. 

John J. Abert. 

Philip E. Fendall. 

Maj. Gen'l Winfield Scott. 

John Carter. 

Gen'l Walter Jones. 

Walter Lennox. 

T. Hartley Crawford. 

M. P. Maury, U. S. N. 

B. Ogle Tatloe. 

Thomas Blagden. 

John Carroll Brent. 

James Kearney. 

Elisha Whittlesey. 

"W. W. Seaton. 

J. Bayard H. Smith. 

W. W. Corcoran. 

John P. Ingle. 



James M. Carlisle. 
Dr. John B. Blake. 
Dr. William Jones. 
William L. Hodge. 
Dr. James C. Hall. 
William B. Todd. 
James Dunlop. 
Gen'l U. S. Grant. 
George W. Eiggs. 
Henry D. Cooke. 
Peter G. Washington. 
William J. McDonald. 
John M. Brodhead. 
Gen'l AVilliam T. Sherman. 
Dr. Chas. H. Nichols. 
D. A. Watterston. 
Alex. E. Shepherd. 

FlTZHUGH COYLE. 

James G. Berret. 
J. C. Kennedy. 
William A. Eichardson. 
Gen'l 0. E. Babcock. 
Edward Clark. 
Er. Admiral Levin M. Powell. 
Charles F. Stansbtjry. 
Fred. D. Stjjart. 

EOBERT C. WlNTHROP. 

Joseph Henry. 

William McKee Dunn. 

John C. Haekness. 

Horatio King. 

Dan'l B. Clarke. 

George W. McCrary. 

Joseph M. Toner. 

James C. Welling. 

George Bancroft. 

Er. Admiral C. E. P. Eodgers. 



GENERAL AGENTS. 

Elisha Whittlesey - 1848. 

Lieut. J. C. Ives - 1859 to 1860. 

John S. Benson - 1870. 

F. L. Harvey --..._ 1874 to 1876. 

(29) 



LIST OF MEMBERS 



OF THE 



Joint Commission, Completion of the Washington Monument. 



ACT OF ATJG-TJST 3, 1876. 



Presidents. 
Ulysses S. Grant. Jas. A. G-arfield. 

R. B. Hates. Chester A. Arthur. 

Chiefs of Corps of Engineers, -U. S. A. 
Brig. Gen'l A. A. Humphreys. Brig. Gen'l Horatio Wright. 

Brig. Gen'l John Newton. 

Architect of the Capitol, Edward Clark. 

Architects of the Treasury. 
Jas. G. Hill. John Fraser, Acting. M. E. Bell. 

First Vice-President of Washington National Monument Society. 
W. ~W. Corcoran. 

Engineer Office, Washington Monument. 
Engineer in Charge, Col. Thos. Lincoln Casey, Corps of Engineers. 
Assistant: Capt. Geo. "W. Davis, 14th Infantry, U. S. A. 

Master Mechanic, P. H. McLaughlin. 

Chief Clerk, James B. Dutton. 

Draftsman, Gustay Friebus. 

Clerks, F. L. Harvey,- Jr., George M. Thomas. 

Messenger, John T. Crowley. 

(30) 



COMPARATIVE HEIGHTS 



OF THE MOST 



Remarkable Buildings and Structures in the World, 



PAST J^NID PEESKNT. 



Feet. Inches. 
Washington National Monument, Washington, D. C, from 

floor of shaft to apex 555 5^ 

Topmost point above mean low tide in Potomac 
river, 597 feet 3 inches ; or, above mean level of 
Atlantic, Sandy Hook, N. Y., 596 ft. 9.86± in. 
Dome of New Municipal Buildings, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
vania, from curb line to top of statue of Wm. Penn 537 4 

Spires of Cologne Cathedral, commenced 1248, from pavement 

of street.--.' 524 11-f- 

Froin pavement of church 515 1 

Spire of Old St. Paul's, London, destroyed by lightning 1561_ 508 

Pyramid of Cheops (base 764 ft. sq.) 480 

St. Nicholas Cathedral, Hamburg 473 

Strasburg Cathedral, finished 1439 468 

Spire, Landshut, Germany 465 

Notre Dame, Rouen 465 

St. Peter's, Pome — commenced 1513, completed 1614 — to top 

of cross 457 

Stack, (brick,) Townshend's, Glasgow, Scotland 454 

Pyramid of Chepheren, (base 707 ft. sq.) 454 

St. Stephen's at Vienna 449 

Stack at Glasgow, Scotland, (Tennant's,) St. Rollox, from sur- 
face to cope 435 6 

St. Michael's. Cathedral, Hamburg 428 

Cathedral of Amiens, Central Spire 422 

Saulsbury Spire, (A. D. 1350) 404 

S.W. Spire of Chartres, finished 1330 .. 403 

Antwerp Cathedral, commenced 1422, finished 1518 402 

Lubec Cathedral 395 

Spire of Friburg in the Brisgau, finished 1330 383 

Amicus Cathedral 383 

Church of St. Peter, Hamburg 380 

St. Maria, Florence, commenced 1229, dome finished 1444 376 

Hotel de Ville, Brussels, (A. D. 1455) 374 

Tarre Asinelli, Bologne 370 

St. Paul's, London, commenced 1675, finished 1710 365 

Dome of Capitol, Springfield, Illinois, U. S. 364 

Milan Cathedral 355 

Florence Cathedral 352 

Utrecht Cathedral . 338 

(31) 



32 WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



Feet. Inches. 

Church of St. Isaac, St. Petersburg __. 336 

Stack, Chemical Works, Barmen, Prussia, (excluding founda- 
tion, 14 feet) 331 

Stack, Cast-Steel Works, Bochum, Prussia 330 

Tower of St. Mark's, Venice, commenced 902, finished 16th 

Century 330 

Spires, St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York city . 330 

Cathedral Tower at Frankfort, Germany ,. 326 

Stack, Gas Works, Edinburgh, Scotland, from surface of ground 

to cope 325 

Victoria Tower, Westminster . 325 

Campanile, Venice. : 322 

"Liberty Lighting the World," New York harbor, base 52' 

10", pedestal 114', statue 151' 317 10 

Lincoln Cathedral 300 

Giotta's Campanile, Florence 292 

United States Capitol, Washington, D. C, from granite base 

line, East front, to crown of statue 285 6 T ^ 

From low tide level, Potomac river 375 3{f 

From curb Pennsylvania avenue and First st. west__360 5| 

Trinity Church Spire, New York city, above street pavement. 284 

Boston Church Tower, Lincolnshire 282 

Mosque, Sultan Hassan, Cairo 282 

Stack, Dye Works, Hague, Prussia 274 

St. Genevieve, Paris, A. D. 1780, to ball above dome 274 

Leaning Tower, Bologna 272 

Building Western Union Telegraph Company ,.New York city, 

to platform top of tower 230 

Tower, Masonic Temple, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 230 

English Cathedral, Montreal . 224 

Notre Dame, Paris 224 

Stack, Pontasscr's Chemical Works, England 221 

Bunker Hill Monument, Boston, Massachusetts 221 

Dome of St. Peter's and St. Paul's, Philadelphia, Penna. 210 

Crown of Dome, Federal buildings, New York city__ 210 

Spire, St. Paul's M. E. Church, New York city, U. S 210 

Spire, Bow Church, London 210 

Spire, St. Paul's, Broadway, New York city -..._. 203 

Monument of London, commemorative of fire, 1666 202 

West front York Cathedral, built 1500 200 

St. Nicholas, New Castle, England ■_. 193 

Pisa Leaning Tower 179 

Alexandrian Column, St. Petersburg 175 6 

Stack, Alois Iron Works, France . 175 

Stack, Hepburn's tannery, on Tyne, England 173 

Nelson Column, London 171 

Coliseum at Rome, A. D. 79 ; length, 620 feet ; width, 513 feet, 

oval plan, covering six acres 155 

Vendome Column, Paris 137 

Column of Trajan 134 

Egyptian Obelisk, Central Park, New York city 76 

Propylon of Luxor 75 



THESE ELEVATIONS ATIE OBTAINED FROM RELIABLE SOURCES. 



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